Search

How fast the planet warms will be crucial for livability - Phys.Org

How fast the planet warms will be crucial for liveability
In a transient climate, where the world is rapidly warming, land areas are warmer and ocean areas cooler than in a stabilised climate. These two figures shows the pattern of temperature difference between a transient scenario relative to an equilibrium climate for both the June-August period (l) and December-February period (r). Graphic: Supplied

The world is warming … and fast. The global average temperature has already risen by more than 1°C as a result of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity, and most of that warming has come in just the last 50 years.

Given our projected greenhouse gas emissions, it's likely that the world will continue to warm for several decades yet and we're on track for to reach around 3°C above pre-industrial temperatures by the end of the century.

In contrast, under the Paris climate agreement, we're aiming to limit global warming to under 2°C, and preferably 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels. The global warming limits in the Paris Agreement are, at least implicitly, about stabilizing the climate whereas at the moment, we're on a pathway that in the next few decades will result in temperatures rapidly warming through these limits.

This begs the question of how different does the world look between a future where the climate warms rapidly in a consistent trend, compared to a future where temperatures rise more gradually and stabilize? This is a question we tried to answer in our recent study published in Nature Climate Change.

We compared two groups of global climate model simulations: one assuming rapid warming through the 21st Century, and another with slower warming that eventually stabilizes in the 23rd Century. By comparing these two different groups of climate simulations we could examine the effect of different rates of global increases on the temperature patterns across the world.

And we found that the rate of temperature increase, irrespective of the absolute temperature rises, has significant implications for local climates.

In a rapidly-warming climate the land heats up faster than the ocean, but if the climate is given time to stabilize then the oceans start to catch up. This means that in a scenario of rapid warming, or what we call a "transient" climate, temperatures in many are at least 0.5°C warmer on average compared with a stabilized climate even at the same level of global warming.

In contrast, some areas of the ocean, like the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, take a long time to warm up so these areas are a lot cooler in a rapidly warming climate than in a comparable but stabilized .

This difference between rapidly warming and stabilized climates extends to temperature extremes too. In many populated areas around cities ranging from New York to Baghdad and from Istanbul to Tokyo, the probability of a hot summer is at least twice as high in a transient, or rapidly warmer world, than in a stabilized at the same level of global warming.

Why does this matter?

How fast the planet warms will be crucial for liveability
Many land areas would experience twice as many hot seasons in a rapidly warming “transient” climate scenario compared to a stabilised climate at the same global temperature. These figures shows the probability ratio (PR) of hot seasons for a transient climate scenario relative to an equilibrium climate both for the June-August period (l) and December-February period (r). Graphic: Supplied

It is clear that in a rapidly warming world as we pass through the 1.5°C global warming level, we would have a very different climate than if we were to achieve the Paris Agreement goals and limit global warming to 1.5°C. So, even though we're talking about the same level of global warming, the regional impacts are very different depending on the pace of warming.

For temperature extremes, stabilizing the climate would be beneficial as we would have fewer land-based heatwaves and hot seasons.

In fact for some areas of the world, if we were to achieve the Paris Agreement goal of stabilizing the climate at 1.5°C global warming, we would experience cooler average summer temperatures and fewer hot summers than we do in our current rapidly warming world after 1.1°C of human-induced global warming.

This difference in temperature patterns depending on the rate of global warming that we've highlighted in our study has been under-appreciated previously. Studies of future warmer worlds that were included in the recent Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change (IPCC) report on the Paris Agreement 1.5°C limit used model simulations at various rates of global warming. This means that on regional scales they are not comparable.

Both types of studies are useful: analyses of 1.5°C or 2°C transient global warming tell us about the world we're likely to experience in the next few decades, whereas analyses of 1.5°C or 2°C stabilized global warming inform us about how the world might look if we achieve the Paris Agreement.

However, there is a risk of poor policy making if, for example, policies to limit emissions and mitigate climate change are based solely on gradual and stabilizing warming, when the potential for more rapid warming may imply more urgent or drastic action. Scientists need to clearly frame their studies to reduce the risk of misinterpretation by decision-makers.

Our study shows that the rate of global warming has a large effect on the pattern of . If we do manage to stabilize our climate and meet the Paris Agreement goals we will benefit from fewer hot summers, and, in some populated areas, we should see a reduction in heat extremes relative to today's climate as well.

This should be another incentive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stabilize the global .


Explore further

Rethinking climate modelling to prepare for even hotter temperatures

More information: Andrew D. King et al. Global and regional impacts differ between transient and equilibrium warmer worlds, Nature Climate Change (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0658-7

Citation: How fast the planet warms will be crucial for livability (2020, January 7) retrieved 7 January 2020 from https://phys.org/news/2020-01-fast-planet-crucial-livability.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Let's block ads! (Why?)


https://phys.org/news/2020-01-fast-planet-crucial-livability.html

2020-01-07 12:50:01Z
CBMiQWh0dHBzOi8vcGh5cy5vcmcvbmV3cy8yMDIwLTAxLWZhc3QtcGxhbmV0LWNydWNpYWwtbGl2YWJpbGl0eS5odG1s0gFAaHR0cHM6Ly9waHlzLm9yZy9uZXdzLzIwMjAtMDEtZmFzdC1wbGFuZXQtY3J1Y2lhbC1saXZhYmlsaXR5LmFtcA

Bagikan Berita Ini

0 Response to "How fast the planet warms will be crucial for livability - Phys.Org"

Post a Comment

Powered by Blogger.